Basic Hibernate Application in Eclipse

This tutorial demonstrates how to use Hibernate which is an Object relational mapping tool for Java platform.

This is a simple example of creating an object in Java and mapping it to a table in mysql database. (inserting rows into the mysql database using Hibernate)

Before we start with the application we need the following:

• Tomcat 5.0 or above. Click here to download
• Eclipse IDE ( Enterprise Edition).
• Hibernate x.x  jar files. For the latest version of jar files Click here to download
• MySQL database
• MySQL ODBC driver jar file. Click here to download

Step 1: Create a Java project in Eclipse.

Step 2: Provide a name for your project and click on ‘Finish’

Step 3: Add the following jars (which are present in the downloaded hibernate x.x -> lib -> required folder)  and also the downloaded mysql odbc jar file to the project by right clicking on the project name followed by Properties ->Java Build Path -> Libraries -> Add External jars

Step 4: Create the hibernate.cfg.xml file in the src folder of the project and copy the following code into the xml file:

	<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
	<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
	"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
	"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
	<hibernate-configuration>
	<session-factory>
	<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
	<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
	<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:port/database_name</property>
	<property name="connection.username">root</property>
	<property name="connection.password">password</property>
	<property name="cache.provider_class">org.hibernate.cache.HashtableCacheProvider</property>
	<property name="transaction.factory_class">org.hibernate.transaction.JDBCTransactionFactory</property>
	<property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property>
	<property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
	<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">create</property>
	<mapping class="com.model.Employee"/>
	</session-factory>
	</hibernate-configuration>

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Step 5: Update the hibernate.cfg.xml file parameters ( port number, database name, username password). The final hibernate.cfg.xml should look as follows:

Step 6: Create a package ‘com.model’ and create two classes named ‘Employee’ and ‘HibernateMain’ within that package and paste the following codes in the respective class files:

Employee.java

	package com.model;
	import java.util.Date;
	import javax.persistence.Entity;
	import javax.persistence.Id;
	import javax.persistence.Table;
	@Entity
	@Table (name="employee")
	public class Employee {
	@Id
	private int eid;
	private String ename;
	private String eadd;
	private Date doj;
	public int getEid() {
	return eid;
	}
	public void setEid(int eid) {
	this.eid = eid;
	}
	public String getEname() {
	return ename;
	}
	public void setEname(String ename) {
	this.ename = ename;
	}
	public String getEadd() {
	return eadd;
	}
	public void setEadd(String eadd) {
	this.eadd = eadd;
	}
	public Date getDoj() {
	return doj;
	}
	public void setDoj(Date doj) {
	this.doj = doj;
	}
	}

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Hibernate.java

	package com.model;
	import java.util.Date;
	import org.hibernate.Session;
	import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
	import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
	public class HibernateMain {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
	Configuration configuration=new Configuration();
	SessionFactory sf=configuration.configure().buildSessionFactory();
	Employee e1=new Employee();
	e1.setEid(1);
	e1.setEname("Sachin");
	e1.setEadd("India");
	e1.setDoj(new Date());
	Employee e2=new Employee();
	e2.setEid(2);
	e2.setEname("Rooney");
	e2.setEadd("Manchester");
	e2.setDoj(new Date());
	Session ss=sf.openSession();
	ss.beginTransaction();
	//saving objects to session
	ss.save(e1);
	ss.save(e2);
	ss.getTransaction().commit();
	ss.close();
	}
	}

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Step 7 : Your final directory structure should look as follows:

Step 8: Run the HibernateMain.java as a Java Application.  The console should show your insert queries as follows:

If you open mysql and check the database, the two employee rows should be present.

Notes:

• The Annotations in the Employee.java file help Hibernate decide the structure of the table to be created in the database. For example, @Entity tells Hibernate to treat this object as a table in the database. @Id annotation just above the declaration of parameter eid in the Employee.java file tells Hibernate to treat eid as the primary key of the table. @Table (name="employee") decides the name of the table which will be created in the database. 
• For every new model class for which we need to create a table we need to give the @Entity annotation in the class file itself and add the mapping parameter in the hibernate.cfg.xml file as <mapping class="com.model.class_name"/>
• The <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">create</property>
  which is set to create in our example automatically creates a schema destroying the previous data
  The list of possible values for this parameter are,

1. validate: validate the schema, makes no changes to the database.
2. update: update the schema.
3. create: creates the schema, destroying previous data.
4. create-drop: drop the schema at the end of the session.

Vegetable Fried Rice: Recipe

Preparation Time: 30 min

Main Ingredients:

1. 2 cups of rice.
2. 2 spring onions finely chopped.
3. 2 carrots finely chopped
4. 100 gms of cabbage finely chopped.
5. Lemon
6. Garlic paste
7. Soya sauce
8. Green Chillies chopped (3-4 pieces)
9. Tomato sauce, maggi masala cubes (optional).

Steps:

1. Prepare a mixture of rice, salt, oil, 1/2 tbsp soya sauce and half lemon juice.
2. Cook the mixture in a pressure cooker. (Take care not to overcook the rice).
3. Heat oil in another pan and add the garlic paste and chillies to it.
4. Fry it for 2 minutes.
5. Add all the chopped vegetables except spring onion (because spring onion takes very less time to cook).
6. Add 1/2 tbsp soya sauce, tomato sauce, maggi masala cube and salt to the vegetable mixture (Take care while adding salt as we have already added some salt in the rice mixture).
7.  Keep the gas low and let the mixture cook for some time.
8. Once the vegetables are cooked nicely, add the rice mixture.
9. Stir well.
10. Let the mixture cook for 2-3 minutes and serve hot.

Basic Struts2 Application in Eclipse

This tutorial demonstrates how to create a basic Struts 2 Application in Eclipse using Tomcat 7.0 server (A simple login application).

Before we start with the application we need the following:

• Tomcat 5.0 or above. Click here to download
• Eclipse IDE ( Enterprise Edition).
• Struts2 jar files. Click here to download

Step 1: Create a dynamic web project in Eclipse.

Step 2: Enter the project name and make sure the target runtime is set to the downloaded Apache tomcat server as shown in the below picture and click on Next. If it’s set to ‘None’, Click on ‘New Runtime’ tab and select the downloaded Apache version from the list.

Step 3: Click again on next and make sure ‘Generate web.xml deployment descriptor’ field is checked on the last page before you click on finish.

Step 4: Add the following struts2 jars (present in the downloaded struts2 -> lib folder) in the

 WebContent -> WEB-INF -> lib location of the project.

Step 5: Edit the web.xml file ( WebContent -> WEB-INF -> lib) and the following code just after the  </welcome-file-list> end tag as follows:

	<filter>
	<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
	<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
	</filter>
	<filter-mapping>
	<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
	<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>

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The new web.xml should look as follows:

Step 6: Create struts.xml file in the Java Resources -> src folder of the project and copy the following code into struts.xml:

	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
	<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
	"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
	"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
	<struts>
	<!-- Configuration for the default package. -->
	<package name="default" extends="struts-default">
	<action name="getTutorial" class="com.action.TutorialAction">
	<result name="success">/output.jsp</result>
	<result name="failure">/error.jsp</result>
	</action>
	</package>
	</struts>

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Step 7: Create a package ‘com.action’ and create a class named ‘TutorialAction’ within that package and paste the following code in the class file:

	package com.action;
	import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
	public class TutorialAction extends ActionSupport {
	private String username;
	private String password;
	public String execute() {
	if (this.username.equals("admin")
	&& this.password.equals("admin123")) {
	return "success";
	} else {
	return "failure";
	}
	}
	public String getUsername() {
	return username;
	}
	public void setUsername(String username) {
	this.username = username;
	}
	public String getPassword() {
	return password;
	}
	public void setPassword(String password) {
	this.password = password;
	}
	} // End of Class

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Step 8: Create 3 JSP files in Webcontent folder namely index.jsp, output.jsp and error.jsp and paste the following codes into the respective JSP files.

index.jsp

	<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"%>
	<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>
	<html>
	<body>
	<h2>Struts 2 Application</h2>
	<s:form action="getTutorial.action">
	<s:textfield name="username" key="Enter username" size="20" />
	<s:password name="password" key="Enter password" size="20" />
	<s:submit type="button" name="Login" align="center"/>
	</s:form>
	</body>
	</html>

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output.jsp

	<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
	pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
	<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
	<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
	<html>
	<head>
	<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
	<title>Insert title here</title>
	</head>
	<body>
	<p>Hello <s:property value="username" />.</p>
	</body>
	</html>

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error.jsp

	<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
	pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
	<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
	<html>
	<head>
	<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
	<title>Insert title here</title>
	</head>
	<body>
	Sorry. Invalid username or password.
	</body>
	</html>

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Step 9: The final directory structure should look as follows:

Step 10: Run the application by right clicking on the ‘MyFirstStruts2App’ and click on ‘Run on Server’. If you see the following screen everything went right. (In case you get some error check all the steps again if you have missed anything).

Enter the username as ‘admin’ and password as ‘admin123’ and click on Submit. You would get the welcome screen of output.jsp

Test your application by entering a wrong username or password and click on Submit. You would get the error screen of error.jsp

Notes:

•    The index.jsp is created as the first page because it’s already present by default in the web.xml file. If you want to add a new file as the first page (e.g. home.jsp), add the appropriate file name in the <welcome-file-list> tag of web.xml
•    Make sure you have all the jar files in the proper location. (In case you get an error of NoClassDefFoundError, it’s probably because of a missing jar file).
• The username and password can be changed by modifying the execute method of the TutorialAction class.
• By default the execute method is invoked whenever the action class is called and this method should always return a String which is mapped in the struts.xml. If you need to call your own method modify the struts.xml by adding a method attribute with the method name as the value in the action tag as follows:  

  <action name="getTutorial" class="com.action.TutorialAction" method=”method_name”>

  view raw class hosted with ❤ by GitHub
•  The main entry point to the Struts2  part of the application is the filter tag part of the web.xml
• The line <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %> in the output.jsp and index.jsp is used to enable struts tags.

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